The campaign traces back at least to early 2022, coinciding with the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

A politically motivated hacking group known as SiegedSec claims to have breached NATO systems and leaked a cache of documents online.

SiegedSec, a group known for politically motivated hacks and leaks, posted a link to the files in a Telegram channel.

NoName057 used the software development platform to carry out DDoS attacks on targets in a variety of NATO nations.

The Russian hacking group Trident Ursa is mostly known for phishing campaigns targeting organizations in NATO states.

White House official Anne Neuberger met with NATO officials in Rome to help craft plans to more rapidly respond to cyberthreats.

A group called "Homeland Justice," which the Albanian government said is a front for Iranian hackers, took responsibility for the cyberattacks.

The wave of digital assaults on Montenegro includes a ransomware attack that's crippled multiple government services.

A recent phishing attempt targeting Russian entities involved long-established Chinese toolkits, experts said.

The references the NATO declaration makes to cybersecurity depart from the past and reflect the increasing importance of cyberdefense to overall security, experts said.